and notes:

Malaria still existed throughout much of the US in the 1930s/40s. Since then it has gotten much warmer throughout the US. But malaria is basically gone now. Why? Rising incomes.

So the point on global warming is, it'll create real problems wherever states and societies don't have the money to deal with the challenges - such as insect migration.

Now take a look at this chart from the WSJ and realize what happens when incomes fall - and how quickly.

-------------------------

Malaria once infested the swamps of parts of England too. I remember reading about how one area of England was notorious for newcomers dying...

There was a big kerfuffle awhile back about how "global warming" resulted in an Asian mosquito from migrating and being found in southern Europe, yet it overlooked other mosquitoes can carry disease. Indeed, one of the reasons behind the weakening of native Roman culture was the presence of new mosquitos and malaria via their nearby swamps. Malaria can cause miscarriage and an increase in deaths of children. The Ovale malaria mainly weakens people, but falciparum can cause death even in adults from cerebral malaria, and the dirty little secret is that the banning of DDT spraying and the fast evolution of resistance to chloroquin and other anti malarial drugs, and nowadays, the huge percentage of anti malarial drugs that are substandard or fake means that it is still a major killer in Asia and Africa, even though one can treat this.

I had malaria despite being on anti malarial medicines, but luckily a mild case. Two of our sisters, one African (whose family came from the highlands and never had been exposed) and one European had cerebral malaria when I worked in Africa, both after traveling to low lying areas in an especially wet year, and luckily both lived.

The African sister was evacuated despite dangerous roads (I think they asked the local "boys" if the roads were safe) but when Sister Patricia was found convulsing, all the bridges were under water, and the hospital had no doctor at the time (it was a couple months before I arrived). A telephone call to Sister Ephraim, a locally trained doctor, did get through, and she advised to give IV quinine and phenobarbital to stop seizures. Luckily, although our hospital was not in a malaria area, we did have some old out of date quinine in stock, and gave it. After three days, the rains had stopped enough that they found by going upstream 20 miles they could get out on back roads, so she was evaculated and eventually recovered.

Last time I heard about her, she was running an HIV clinic in Hatfield that was destroyed by President Mugabe in part of his "take out the trash" destruction of homes and buildings, a political move to punish the areas that voted against him. Sigh.

I had malaria later, in my second African stint, and by then we could use a sulfa medicine. The main symptoms was very high fever and pleuritic chest pain, and although I had a negative smear, the Fansidar worked. Not a pleasant experience.

Greshom college has a lecture on malaria if you want to hear about it's recurrance:

here in the Philippines, we have malaria in a few areas down south, but not here. our main mosquito problem is Dengue fever...our sewers are open ditches, and it's been six months since the area was sprayed.

We are starting to put out recycling trash cans on the streets, to stop folks walking home from the center city palenke/street food vendors from throwing their trash on the street, and maybe this will help. But of course the trash cans will fill with water to breed mosquitos. How fast do they breed in sitting water? Well, I have found them in our bird's cage's water dish, and our 'swamp cooler" would spit out mosquitoes when we turned it on if I didn't change the water every 2 or three days.

And we have Koi in our fountain, to eat the larvae, which seems to work.